Siddhartha or Gautam Buddha, the son of King Suddhodana and Mayadevi of the Shakya dynasty of Kapilvastu, the city of Siddhartha in our country Nepal, was born in Lumbini on the full moon day of Baishakh 563 BC. Before his son was born, his mother had a strange dream. When Father Shuddhodan asked eight great prophets what it meant, they all said that they would get a wonderful son from Mayadevi. If he stays at home, Chakravarti will become emperor, and if he leaves home, he will become a saint, and the light of his knowledge will illuminate the whole world.
The real name of the Buddha is Siddhartha Gautama. His mother Mayadevi died seven days after his birth. He was brought up by Mahaprajavati, the second queen of Shuddhodana. The baby was named Siddhartha, meaning "one who is born perfect." . At the birth anniversary ceremony, the monk, the seer Asit, announced that the child would be either a great king or a holy person from the hill station where he lived. Shuddhodana held a naming ceremony on the fifth day and asked the eight best learned Brahmins to tell the future of the child. Everyone made the same prediction that this child would either become a great king or a holy person.
Shuddhodana wanted to make Siddhartha the Chakravarti emperor, provided him with proper education to inculcate regional qualities in him, but Siddhartha seemed to be overwhelmed with some kind of anxiety. In the end, the father tied the knot. Siddhartha's father was a king of the Shakya dynasty. Siddhartha's mother Mayadevi was from Kolibansh. The sages also said that Siddhartha was either a great king or a great saint. Hearing this prophecy, King Suddhodana tried his best to alleviate Siddhartha's misery.
One day, as Siddhartha was leaving for a city tour in a chariot, everything he saw on the way changed the course of his life. An old man with a disability, a sick man, an emaciated body. Seeing these three scenes, Siddhartha knew that everyone is born, everyone grows old, everyone gets sick and one day everyone dies. He gave up his rich life, his wife, his son and the throne and adopted the life of a saint so that he could find an answer about birth, old age, sorrow, disease and death.
He was even more bored and depressed by the world when he saw these scenes. But on another occasion he saw a pious saint. There was an unparalleled radiance of peace and radiance on the face of the saint. Siddhartha was overwhelmed by the sight. In Siddhartha's mind a sense of contentment towards the path of retirement and a sense of contentment towards retirement arose. This truth of life became the philosophy of Siddhartha's life.
He was married to Princess Yashodhara at the age of 25. After ten years of marriage, Siddhartha received the Putra Ratna. As soon as he got the news of his son's birth, the word "Rahul" came out of Siddhartha's mouth. Siddhartha named his son Rahul. Before the worldly bondage could bring Siddhartha into the fray, Siddhartha began to embrace the worldly bondage and decided to leave home. On a great night, 29-year-old Siddhartha came out of the house to satisfy the light of knowledge. Some scholars believe that Siddhartha left home because of the violence at the Yajna. According to some scholars, Siddhartha Gautama could not bear the pain of others and left home.
After leaving home, Siddhartha began to walk in search of knowledge. Siddhartha began to search for the answer to his question with two Brahmins. Even after learning to meditate, he did not get the answer to these questions. Again he spent a lot of time in penance but still he did not get the answer. Then he gathered his friends and began to do even harder penance.
While meditating in Sankhyopadesh at places called Vinvisar, Udrak, Alar, Kalam, Siddhartha reached the beautiful forest of Uruvela. There Siddhartha met five seekers like Kaudilya. There Siddhartha resumed his intense practice for the attainment of knowledge. While doing this, after 6 years, when he almost died of starvation, he started thinking of doing something else without getting any answer.
He had taken some kheer with a Brahmani to gain some strength in his body. He sat down under that poplar tree (now called Vodhi tree) so that the truth would not arise without knowing it. He had been sitting under the same tree all night and in the morning he had regained consciousness. His invincibility was destroyed and he attained the enlightenment of Nirvana. He was 35 years old at the time and became a Buddha. After attaining Bodhi in meditation, he made disciples by preaching to five of his former friends at Sarnath near Kashi, and made the first five disciples and gave the first discourse. In the Buddhist tradition, this teaching is known as "Dharmachakra Pravartan".
He gave his first sermon at Sarnath near Varanasi which he gave to his first friend. He also received Vodhi and Gautama Buddha sent him for preaching. Since there is a right path, therefore, there is a lot of scientificity in the teachings of the Buddha. On the eighth day of the hard penance, on the full moon day of Baishakh, he attained enlightenment and has been a Tathagata ever since. The tree under which he attained enlightenment is still known as "Vodhi tree". After gaining knowledge, two Shudras named Tapassu and Kallik came to him. Mahatma Buddha gave them knowledge and made them the first followers of Buddhism.
After going to Buddhism, he went to Sarnath. Buddha became a missionary in Kashi for a long time. Tripitaka and Jataka can easily imagine the political significance of Kashi at that time. In ancient Buddhist scriptures, during the Buddhist period (before the 5th century BC), Kashi was counted among the famous cities like Champa, Rajgruh, Sravasti, Saket and Kaushambi.
1) To be more involved in sexual pleasure.
2) To practice hard from the body.
Leaving these two extremes, I have sought the middle path. It should be consumed. ”(Vinay Pitak, 1,10) He reached Varanasi with his five followers. And fully engaged in "Dharmachakra Pravartan". By that time, his name had become famous all over Nepal and North India and he had many followers. After some time, King Suddhodana tried to call Kapilabastu to see the Buddha, but whoever came to call him would listen to the Buddha himself and become a follower.
The essence of the Buddha's teachings is as follows.
1) According to the Buddha, this is Dhamma
- Keeping life holy
- To achieve perfection in life
- Achieving Nirvana
- To give up craving.
- Assuming that all rites are impermanent
- Karma is the only basis of human moral institution
2) According to the Buddha, this is Adhamma -
- Believing in the supernatural
- Believing in God
- Believing in the soul
- Believing in Yajna
- Imagination based belief only
- Just read the book of religion
- Assuming that the religious books are in error.
3) According to the Buddha, Saddhamma is -
A) Dhamma which increases wisdom.
- The Dhamma that opens the door of knowledge for all.
- Dhamma that says that just being a scholar is not enough.
- Which Dhamma tells that it is necessary to get wisdom.
B) which promotes Dhamma friendship
- Whichever Dhamma says that even wisdom is
not enough, modesty is also essential for it.
- The Dhamma that states that wisdom and modesty
as well as compassion are essential.
- Which Dhamma should say that friendship is
more important than compassion.
C) Dhamma which removes all kinds
of social discrimination.
- The Dhamma that breaks down all the walls between man and man.
- Dhamma which says that a person is
evaluated not on the basis of his birth but on the basis of his deeds.
- Dhamma that promotes equality between people.
These teachings were frequently preached by the disciples of the Buddha. The religion of the Buddha was widely preached during the Buddha's lifetime because of the influence of rituals and the killing of animals in large numbers. The Buddha preached to stop that senseless killing and to have mercy only on living beings. After preaching in most of the provinces near Vihar and Kashi for 44 years, he passed away in old age in a forest in Kushinagar. E. On the full moon day of 483 Baishakh, at the age of 80, he passed away (Mahaparinirvana).
Before his death, he had given his last sermon to Subhadra, a pilgrim from Kushinagar. The last word that came out of his mouth was “O monks! At this time, I am telling you today that all the rituals will be perishable, do good without negligence. This is his last word. Then, in Kushinagar, Lord Buddha placed his head on the right side between the two willow trees of the Malla's Shalvan Upavan, on the north side, and with his left foot on his right foot, he lay down in remembrance. Subsequently, Lord Buddha was buried in Prathamdhyana.
After that, he gradually became absorbed in the second meditation, the third meditation and the fourth meditation. After the fourth meditation, he sat down in other meditations called Akashanantyayatan, Vijnanantyatyatan, Akinchanayayatan, Naivasanjanasanjayatan. After that, he stayed in Nirodhasampati. After that, he gradually descended to the first meditation. Again, from the first meditation to the fourth meditation, he attained Mahaparinirvana. He was eighty years old at the time.
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Reference books.
1) Mahan Sallekh Sutropadesh - Aggam Mahapandit Mahopkarak Mahasthavir Mahashi Sayada (Newari)
2) Buddhism of Wisdom & Faith— “Tam” Dharma Master of Taiwan Thich-Thien (English)
3) Buddhism from the point of view of modern science - Gyanjyoti Kanshakar and Laxmi Prabha Kanshakar (Nepali)
4) Development of Buddhism in Uttar Pradesh - Datta Nalinakshi (Hindi)
5) Samyak Sanskar - Bhikkhu Samyak Sambodhi Praunaputra (Newari)
6) Buddha and His Teachings - Mahendra Kumar Shakya
7) Gautam Buddha - Vasant Maharjan
8) Autobiography of Buddha - Basanta Maharjan
9) Shakya - love side
10) Buddha and Buddhism - Aggamhapandit Mahapakarak Mahasthavir Mahashi Sayada (Nepali)
11) Articles published in various newspapers and magazines about Buddha.